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Prepositions in Arabic - الْحُرُوفُ الجَرِّ | Arabic Free Course

٢١ يناير ٢٠٢١ – Institut Al-Dirassa

Tableau d’arabe présentant les prépositions et pronoms

Introduction

Words that combine with a noun or a pronoun to form a sentence are called prepositions. They have their own meaning and affect nouns and pronouns. Their grammatical effect on the noun is to change the vowel on its final letter from dammah or fatha to kasrah.

Prepositions Acting upon a Noun

عَلَى

On / upon

إِلَى

Toward / to

بِ

By / with

فِي

In / inside

مِنْ

From / by

عَنْ

About / from

كَ

Like / as

حَتَى

Until / up to

لِ

For / belonging to

Examples

عَلَى + قُلُوْبٌ = عَلَى قُلُوْبٍ
On + hearts = Upon their hearts
خَتَمَ اللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَعَلَىٰ سَمْعِهِمْ وَعَلَىٰ أَبْصَارِهِمْ غِشَاوَةٌ
Allah has sealed their hearts and their hearing, and over their eyes is a veil... (2:7)

Other Qur’anic Examples

وَفِي السَّمَاءِ رِزْقُكُمْ وَمَا تُوعَدُونَ
And in the heaven is your provision and what you are promised. (51:22)
إِلَى رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمَسَاقُ
On that Day, the return will be to your Lord. (75:30)
فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ
So glorify the praise of your Lord and seek His forgiveness. (110:3)

Pronouns after Prepositions

Prepositions may be followed by pronouns. In such cases, the pronoun is attached directly to the end of the preposition.

Preposition Pronoun Result Translation
عَلَى هُ عَلَيْهِ On him
إِلَى هَا إِلَيْهَا Toward her
مِنْ هُمْ مِنْهُمْ From them
فِي نَا فِينَا In us / among us
لِ كُمْ لَكُمْ For you

Qur’anic Examples

إِنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
Indeed, He is capable of all things. (2:20)
اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ كَمِشْكَاةٍ فِيهَا مِصْبَاحٌ
Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The example of His light is that of a niche within which is a lamp. (24:35)

Detached Pronouns

Detached pronouns are independent and can stand alone in a sentence. They can function as the subject or as an object depending on context.

Masculine

Singular
مفرد
Dual
مثنى
Plural
جمع
هُوَ هُمَا هُمْ
He / him Both of them (m.) They / them

Feminine

Singular Dual Plural
هِيَ هُمَا هُنَّ
She / her Both of them (f.) They (f.)

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Formulaire d'inscription

Examples from the Qur’an

إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا
Truly, He is Forbearing and Forgiving. (17:44)
هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ
They (wives) are clothing for you, and you are clothing for them. (2:187)

Summary

Prepositions in Arabic affect the noun that follows by placing it in the majrūr case (ending with a kasrah). They can connect to pronouns and apply across different grammatical contexts. Detached pronouns, on the other hand, stand alone and indicate the person directly without attachment.

This free Arabic lesson is now complete. The next one, insha’Allah, will discuss Arabic Adverbs/a>.

The Al-Dirassa Center offers you the opportunity to learn Arabic online with a qualified teacher. If you are interested, feel free to contact us.

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