Pronouns in Arabic - الضَّمَائِرُ | Arabic Free Course
٧ ديسمبر ٢٠٢٠
– Institut Al-Dirassa
Introduction
In English, pronouns are used as substitutes for nouns. For example, in English, we use pronouns such as he, she, his, their, them, me, etc. In Arabic, there are essentially two types of pronouns:
Attached pronouns – الضَّمِيْرُالْمُتَّصِلُ: these are directly attached to the end of a noun, verb, or particle.
Detached pronouns – الضَّمِيْرُالْمُنْفَصِلُ: these occur separately and are not attached to a verb, noun, or particle.
We will start with these pronouns, as they appear most frequently in the Qur’an.
Table of Masculine Third Person Pronouns – مُذَكَّرغَائِب
Detached Pronouns – الضَّمِيْرُالْمُنْفَصِلُ
Singular مفرد
Dual مثنى
Plural جمع
هُوَ
هُمَا
هُمْ
He
They (two)
They
Attached Pronouns – الضَّمِيْرُالْمُتَّصِلُ
Singular
Dual
Plural
هُ
هُمَا
هُمْ
His
Their (dual)
Their (plural)
لَهُ
لَهُمَا
لَهُمْ
To him
To both of them
To them
إِيَّاهُ
إِيَّاهُمَا
إِيَّاهُمْ
Only him
Only both of them
Only them
Table of Feminine Second Person Pronouns – الضَّمَائِرُلِلْمُؤَنَّثِلِلْمُخَاطَبِ
Detached Pronouns – الضَّمِيْرُالْمُنْفَصِلُ
Singular
Dual
Plural
أَنْتِ
أَنْتُمَا
أَنْتُنَّ
You (fem. singular)
You (dual)
You (plural)
Attached Pronouns – الضَّمِيْرُالْمُتَّصِلُ
Singular
Dual
Plural
كِ
كُمَا
كُنَّ
Your
Your (dual)
Your (plural)
لَكِ
لَكُمَا
لَكُنَّ
For you
For both of you
For you (plural)
إِيَّاكِ
إِيَّاكُمَا
إِيَّاكُنَّ
Only you
Only both of you
Only you (plural)
Examples of Pronouns Attached to a Noun
Masculine
Singular
Dual
Plural
رَبُّكَ
رَبُّكُمَا
رَبُّكُمْ
Your Lord
Your Lord (dual)
Your Lord (plural)
Feminine
Singular
Dual
Plural
رَبُّكِ
رَبُّكُمَا
رَبُّكُنَّ
Your Lord
Your Lord (dual)
Your Lord (plural)
Examples of Pronouns Attached to a Verb
Masculine
Singular
Dual
Plural
خَلَقَكَ
خَلَقَكُمَا
خَلَقَكُمْ
He created you
He created both of you
He created you (plural)
Feminine
Singular
Dual
Plural
خَلَقَكِ
خَلَقَكُمَا
خَلَقَكُنَّ
He created you (fem.)
He created both of you (fem.)
He created you (fem. plural)
Sometimes in the first person, the singular possessive pronoun ى is not attached to the noun or verb. However, possession is indicated by the stress on the last letter carrying a kasrah.
أُجِيبُدَعْوَةَالدَّاعِإِذَادَعَانِ
I answer the call of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. (2:186)
لَكُمْدِينُكُمْوَلِيَدِينِ
To you your religion, and to me mine. (109:6)
إنَّ
means “surely” or “certainly.” It can also be attached to pronouns.
And among them are those who say: “Our Lord! Grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.” (2:201)
This free Arabic lesson is now complete. The next lesson, insha’Allah, will cover Arabic prepositions.
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