Introduction
Words that combine with a noun or pronoun to form a sentence are called prepositions. They have their own meaning and affect nouns and pronouns. Their effect on a noun is to change the final vowel of the word from dammah or fatha to kasrah.
Prepositions Acting on the Noun
عَلَى — On / upon
إِلَى — Toward / to
بِ — By / with
فِي — In / inside
مِنْ — From / by
عَنْ — About / from
كَ — Like / as
حَتَى — Until / up to
لِ — For / belonging to
Examples
| عَلَى + قُلُوْبٌ | = عَلَى قُلُوْبٍ |
| On + hearts | = Upon their hearts |
| خَتَمَ اللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَعَلَىٰ سَمْعِهِمْ وَعَلَىٰ أَبْصَارِهِمْ غِشَاوَةٌ | |
| Allah has sealed their hearts and their ears, and over their eyes is a veil... (2:7) | |
Other Qur’anic Examples
| وَفِي السَّمَاءِ رِزْقُكُمْ وَمَا تُوعَدُونَ |
| And in the sky is your provision and what you are promised. (51:22) |
| إِلَى رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمَسَاقُ |
| That Day, the return will be to your Lord. (75:30) |
| فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ |
| So glorify the praise of your Lord and seek His forgiveness. (110:3) |
Pronouns after Prepositions
Prepositions may be followed by pronouns. In such cases, the pronouns attach directly to the end of the preposition.
| Preposition | Pronoun | Result | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| عَلَى | هُ | عَلَيْهِ | On him |
| إِلَى | هَا | إِلَيْهَا | Toward her |
| مِنْ | هُمْ | مِنْهُمْ | From them |
| فِي | نَا | فِينَا | In us / among us |
| لِ | كُمْ | لَكُمْ | For you |
Summary
Prepositions in Arabic affect the noun that follows by putting it in the majrūr case (with a kasrah). They can connect with pronouns and apply in various grammatical contexts. Detached pronouns, however, are independent and indicate the person directly without attachment.
This free Arabic lesson is now complete. The next lesson, in shaa’ Allah, will cover the verbal sentence.
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