Introduction
The verb that contains extra letters beyond its original triliteral root is called الْفِعْلُ الْمَزِيْدُ الثُلاثِي. These verbs originate from basic triliteral roots, enriching the Arabic language’s structure and meaning.
1. Triliteral Root Verb – الْفِعْلُ الْمُجَرَّدُ الثُلاثِي
In Arabic, the triliteral root verb الْفِعْلُ الْمُجَرَّدُ الثُلاثِي is the foundation of word formation. Additional letters (prefixes, infixes, suffixes) are added to create derived verbs, which may:
- Retain the original root meaning.
- Change from transitive to intransitive or vice versa.
Example: From قَتَلَ (to kill):
- قَاتَلَ → to fight (reciprocal action).
- قَتَّلَ → to massacre or slaughter repeatedly.
Arabic has 15 verb forms. Form I (فَعَلَ) is the base, and 14 others are derived from it:
- Form I: فَعَلَ / فَعِلَ / فَعُلَ
- Form II: فَعَّلَ
- Form III: فَاعَلَ
- Form IV: أَفْعَلَ
- Form V: تَفَعَّلَ
- Form VI: تَفَاعَلَ
- Form VII: انْفَعَلَ
- Form VIII: اِفْتَعَلَ
- Form IX: اِفْعَلَّ
- Form X: اِسْتَفْعَلَ
- Forms XI–XV: rare extensions with subtle semantic nuances.
Each derived form expresses a distinct shade of meaning, showcasing Arabic’s depth and precision.
2. Table of the Triliteral Verb Form – فَعَّلَ
This form doubles the second radical. The imperfect tense uses a ضَمَّة (dammah) on the prefix, distinguishing it from Form I.
- Past: فَعَّلَ
- Imperfect: يُفَعِّلُ
- Imperative: فَعِّلْ
- Verbal noun: تَفْعِيلٌ or تَفْعِلَةٌ
- Active participle: مُفَعِّلٌ
- Passive participle: مُفَعَّلٌ
- Past passive: فُعِّلَ
- Imperfect passive: يُفَعَّلُ
A. Causative meaning
Example: عَلِمَ (to know) → عَلَّمَ (to teach = to cause to know)
وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا
And He taught Adam all the names. (2:31)
B. Intensification
This form expresses repeated or intensified action.
- قَطَعَ → قَطَّعَ — to cut → to cut into pieces.
- قَتَلَ → قَتَّلَ — to kill → to massacre.
C. Conciseness
كَبَّرَ – to say “Allahu Akbar”
سَبَّحَ – to say “SubhanAllah”
D. Change of transitivity
An intransitive verb in Form I becomes transitive in Form II.
نَامَ → نَوَّمَ – to sleep → to make sleep
E. Retaining the root meaning
بَدَّلَ → بَدَلَ – to change → to change
فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ
But those who wronged changed the words to something different. (2:59)
F. Derived from nouns
- هَوَّدَ – to become Jewish (from يَهُودٌ)
- نَصَّرَ – to become Christian (from نَصْرَانِيٌّ)
G. Change of meaning
- سَخَرَ → سَخَّرَ – to mock → to subjugate
- كَلِمَ → كَلَّمَ – to speak → to converse or wound
سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَـٰذَا
Glory be to Him who subjected this to us. (43:13)
H. Passive voice formation
The passive past applies ضَمَّة (dammah) to the first radical and كَسْرَة (kasra) to the second.
Example: زَكَّى – to purify
Past: زَكَّى – Imperfect: يُزَكِّي – Imperative: زَكِّ
Verbal noun: تَزْكِيَةٌ – Active: مُزَكٍّ – Passive: مُزَكًّى
Past passive: زُكِّيَ – Imperfect passive: يُزَكَّى
Some non-defective verbs also follow the تَفْعِلَةٌ verbal noun pattern, e.g. تَذْكِرَةٌ from ذَكَّرَ.
3. The Triliteral Root Form فَاعَلَ
This pattern adds an alif between the first and second radicals. It often denotes reciprocal action or participation.
- Past: فَاعَلَ
- Imperfect: يُفَاعِلُ
- Imperative: فَاعِلْ
- Verbal noun: مُفَاعَلَةٌ
- Active participle: مُفَاعِلٌ
- Passive participle: مُفَاعَلٌ
Example: قَاتَلَ – to fight (mutual), from قَتَلَ – to kill.
وَكَأَيِّن مِّن نَّبِيٍّ قَاتَلَ مَعَهُ رِبِّيُّونَ كَثِيرٌ
And how many a prophet fought, and with him fought many scholars. (3:146)
إِنِّي ظَنَنتُ أَنِّي مُلَاقٍ حِسَابِيَهْ
Indeed, I was certain that I would be meeting my account. (69:20)
وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّىٰ لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ
Fight them until there is no [more] fitnah. (2:193)
كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَّكُمْ
Fighting has been enjoined upon you. (2:216)
فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّـهُ لَكُمْ
So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allah has decreed for you. (2:187)
وَمَن جَاهَدَ فَإِنَّمَا يُجَاهِدُ لِنَفْسِهِ
And whoever strives only strives for [the benefit of] himself. (29:6)
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ
Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord? (2:258)
وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مَسْجِدًا ضِرَارًا
And [there are] those [hypocrites] who took for themselves a mosque for causing harm. (9:107)
إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالُوا نَشْهَدُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُ اللَّـهِ
When the hypocrites come to you, [O Muhammad], they say, “We testify that you are the Messenger of Allah.” (63:1)
وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُخَالِفَكُمْ إِلَىٰ مَا أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ
And I do not intend to differ from you in that which I have forbidden you. (11:88)
4. أَفْعَلَ – Triliteral Root Form
The form أَفْعَلَ is constructed by adding a prefixed hamza (أَ) with a fatha (َ) to the base form فَعَلَ. Unlike the connecting hamza (هَمْزَةُ الْوَصْلِ), this one is always pronounced. In this pattern, the imperfect tense always carries a dammah (ُ) on the first radical.
Table of the أَفْعَلَ Pattern
| Aspect / Form | Pattern |
|---|---|
| Past tense | أَفْعَلَ |
| Imperfect tense | يُفْعِلُ |
| Imperative | أَفْعِلْ |
| Verbal noun | إِفْعَالٌ |
| Active participle | مُفْعِلٌ |
| Passive participle | مُفْعَلٌ |
| Past passive | أُفْعِلَ |
| Imperfect passive | يُفْعَلُ |
Key Insight
- The form أَفْعَلَ often carries a causative sense, meaning “to make someone or something perform the action of the root verb.”
Examples Illustrating the Causative Nature
- خَرَجَ – to exit or go out → أَخْرَجَ – to make someone go out, to drive out.
- نَزَلَ – to descend → أَنْزَلَ – to bring down, to send down.
وَبِالْحَقِّ أَنزَلْنَاهُ وَبِالْحَقِّ نَزَلَ ۗ وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا
And with the truth We have sent it down, and with the truth it has descended. And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a bringer of good tidings and a warner. (17:105)
Transforming Intransitive Verbs (اللَّازِمُ) into Transitive Ones (الْمُتَعَدِّي)
- دَخَلَ – to enter → أَدْخَلَ – to make enter
- نَسِيَ – to forget → أَنْسَى – to cause to forget
- ذَهَبَ – to go → أَذْهَبَ – to remove
وَقَالُوا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ الَّذِي أَذْهَبَ عَنَّا الْحَزَنَ
And they will say, “Praise be to Allah, who has removed from us all sorrow.” (35:34)
Deviation from Original Meaning
- قَرَضَ – to cut → أَقْرَضَ – to lend
- لَقِيَ – to meet → أَلْقَى – to cast down, to throw
إِن تُقْرِضُوا اللَّـهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا
If you loan Allah a goodly loan. (64:17)
قَالَ أَلْقُوا فَلَمَّا أَلْقَوْا سَحَرُوا أَعْيُنَ النَّاسِ وَاسْتَرْهَبُوهُمْ وَجَاءُوا بِسِحْرٍ عَظِيمٍ
He said, “Throw,” and when they threw, they bewitched the eyes of the people and struck terror into them, and they produced great magic. (7:116)
Verbs in This Form Derived from Nouns
- صُبْحٌ – morning → أَصْبَحَ – to enter the morning
- مَسَاءٌ – evening → أَمْسَى – to enter the evening
- ضُحَى – forenoon → أَضْحَى – to enter the forenoon
Hollow Verbs and the إِفْعَالَةٌ Pattern
- أَقَامَ → إِقَامَةٌ – to establish → establishment
Table of أَقَامَ (to establish, to straighten)
- Past tense – أَقَامَ
- Imperfect tense – يُقِيمُ
- Imperative – أَقِمْ
- Verbal noun – إِقَامَةٌ
- Active participle – مُقِيمٌ
- Passive participle – مُقَامٌ
- Past passive – أُقِيمَ
- Imperfect passive – يُقَامُ
Defective Verbs and the إِفْعَاءٌ Pattern
Example: أَوْفَى → إِيفَاءٌ
- Past tense – أَوْفَى
- Imperfect tense – يُوفِي
- Imperative – أَوْفِ
- Verbal noun – إِيفَاءٌ
- Active participle – مُوفٍ
- Passive participle – مُوفًى
- Past passive – أُوفِيَ
- Imperfect passive – يُوفَى
Qur’anic Examples of the أَفْعَلَ Form
وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَىٰ إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا
And do not say to one who gives you a greeting of peace, “You are not a believer.” (4:94)
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5. تَفَعَّلَ – Triliteral Root Form
This verb pattern is formed by adding the prefix تَ to the beginning of the second form فَعَّلَ. It usually indicates a **reflexive** or **voluntary** action, meaning that the subject performs the act upon itself.
Conjugation Table of تَفَعَّلَ
| Aspect / Form | Pattern |
|---|---|
| Past tense | تَفَعَّلَ |
| Imperfect tense | يَتَفَعَّلُ |
| Imperative | تَفَعَّلْ |
| Verbal noun | تَفَعُّلٌ |
| Active participle | مُتَفَعِّلٌ |
| Passive participle | مُتَفَعَّلٌ |
| Past passive | تُفُعِّلَ |
| Imperfect passive | يُتَفَعَّلُ |
Meanings and Functions
- Reflexive: The subject performs the action on itself.
- Voluntary or effort-based: The subject intentionally exerts effort in doing the action.
- Pretending or feigning: The subject pretends to perform an action.
- Gradual or sustained action: The action happens progressively over time.
Examples of Reflexive Meaning
- تَعَلَّمَ – to learn (from عَلِمَ – to know)
- تَطَهَّرَ – to purify oneself (from طَهَّرَ – to purify)
وَفِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِيهِ الْأَنفُسُ وَتَلَذُّ الْأَعْيُنُ وَأَنتُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ
In it is whatever the souls desire and what delights the eyes, and you will abide therein eternally. (43:71)
Examples of Effort or Intensity
- تَصَبَّرَ – to be patient / to force oneself to be patient (from صَبَرَ)
- تَحَمَّلَ – to endure, to bear
وَاصْبِرْ وَمَا صَبْرُكَ إِلَّا بِاللّٰهِ
Be patient, and your patience is only through Allah. (16:127)
Examples of Pretending or Feigning
- تَغَافَلَ – to pretend not to notice
- تَجَاهَلَ – to feign ignorance
Examples of Gradual or Continuous Action
- تَدَحْرَجَ – to roll (slowly)
- تَزَيَّنَ – to adorn oneself gradually
وَتَزَيَّنَتْ لِلنَّاظِرِينَ
And it has been adorned for the onlookers. (37:6)
Notes on Form V Usage
- Most commonly used with transitive verbs of Form II to create reflexive meaning.
- Denotes effort, participation, or inner transformation.
- Common in Qur’anic and classical Arabic to express moral or psychological refinement.
6. تَفَاعَلَ – Triliteral Root Form
The verb pattern تَفَاعَلَ is derived from Form III (فَاعَلَ) by adding the prefix تَ. It generally conveys **reciprocal**, **mutual**, or **voluntary participation** between two or more parties.
Conjugation Table of تَفَاعَلَ
| Aspect / Form | Pattern |
|---|---|
| Past tense | تَفَاعَلَ |
| Imperfect tense | يَتَفَاعَلُ |
| Imperative | تَفَاعَلْ |
| Verbal noun | تَفَاعُلٌ |
| Active participle | مُتَفَاعِلٌ |
| Passive participle | مُتَفَاعَلٌ |
| Past passive | تُفُوعِلَ |
| Imperfect passive | يُتَفَاعَلُ |
Meanings and Functions
- Reciprocal action: The action occurs mutually between participants.
- Voluntary effort: The subject engages willingly in the act.
- Pretending or simulating: The subject appears to do something.
- Gradual process: The action unfolds progressively.
1. Reciprocal Actions
- تَقَاتَلَ – to fight one another (from قَاتَلَ – to fight)
- تَنَازَعَ – to dispute, to quarrel
وَلَا تَنَازَعُوا فَتَفْشَلُوا وَتَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ
And do not dispute and [thus] lose courage and your strength would depart. (8:46)
2. Voluntary Participation
- تَعَاوَنَ – to cooperate (from عَاوَنَ – to help)
- تَصَافَحَ – to shake hands with one another
وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَىٰ وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ
And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression. (5:2)
3. Pretending or Simulated Actions
- تَعَامَى – to feign blindness (from عَمِيَ – to be blind)
- تَغَافَلَ – to pretend not to notice
وَمَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْ ذِكْرِي فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنكًا
And whoever turns away from My remembrance will have a difficult life. (20:124)
4. Gradual or Progressive Actions
- تَدَارَكَ – to catch up gradually
- تَدَخَّلَ – to interfere progressively
ثُمَّ تَدَارَكَهُ نِعْمَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِ
Then an inspiration from his Lord overtook him in mercy. (68:49)
Notes on Form VI Usage
- This form often represents **mutual participation** or **reciprocal communication**.
- Used for actions where both parties influence each other equally.
- Common in Qur’anic Arabic for describing moral, social, or emotional interactions.
Examples of the verb forms in the Holy Quran
وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا
And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind. (2:234)
وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّـهُ
And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you exceed others. (4:32)
لِّيَغْفِرَ لَكَ اللَّـهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ
That Allah may forgive for you what preceded. (48:2)
وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللَّـهِ جَمِيعًا وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا
And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. (3:103)
وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَفَرَّقُونَ
And the Day the Hour appears – that Day they will become separated. (30:14)
رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي مُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِي ۚ رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَاءِ
My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer, and from my descendants. Our Lord, and accept my supplication. (14:40)
رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
Our Lord, accept this from us. Indeed, You are the Hearing, the Knowing. (2:127)
الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ
He who gives from his wealth to purify himself. (92:18)
6. تَفَاعَلَ – Triliteral Verb Form
When the prefix تَ is added to Form III (فَاعَلَ), it becomes تَفَاعَلَ. It typically denotes **mutual** or **reciprocal** action between two parties.
| Form | Pattern |
|---|---|
| Past | تَفَاعَلَ |
| Imperfect | يَتَفَاعَلُ |
| Imperative | تَفَاعَلْ |
| Verbal noun | تَفَاعُلٌ |
| Active participle | مُتَفَاعِلٌ |
| Passive participle | مُتَفَاعَلٌ |
Examples of Reciprocal Meaning
- تَقَاتَلَ – to fight one another
- تَعَاوَنَ – to cooperate
وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَىٰ
And cooperate in righteousness and piety. (5:2)
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ
Except for those who believed, did righteous deeds, and advised each other to truth and patience. (103:3)
خِتَامُهُ مِسْكٌ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ الْمُتَنَافِسُونَ
The last of it is musk. So for this let the competitors compete. (83:26)
فَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ يَتَلَاوَمُونَ
Then they approached one another, blaming each other. (68:30)
7. إِنْفَعَلَ – Triliteral Verb Form
The form إِنْفَعَلَ is made by adding the prefix إِنْ to the triliteral root. It often turns a transitive verb into an intransitive one.
- Past tense: إِنْفَعَلَ
- Imperfect: يَنْفَعِلُ
- Imperative: إِنْفَعِلْ
- Verbal noun: إِنْفِعَالٌ
- Active participle: مُنْفَعِلٌ
فَانفَجَرَتْ مِنْهُ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا
And there gushed forth from it twelve springs. (2:60)
This pattern can also change meaning significantly from its base root.
- طَلَقَ – to divorce → إِنْطَلَقَ – to depart
- كَسَرَ – to break → إِنْكَسَرَ – to be broken
- قَطَعَ – to cut → إِنْقَطَعَ – to be severed
- فَجَرَ – to explode → إِنْفَجَرَ – to burst open
The transformation enriches Arabic meaning, allowing nuance and context.
Table of اِتَّقَى — to save oneself
- Past tense — اِتَّقَى
- Imperfect tense — يَتَّقِي
- Imperative — اِتَّقِ
- Verbal noun — اِتَّقَاءٌ
- Active participle — مُتَّقٍ
- Passive participle — مُتَّقَى
- Past passive — أُتَّقِيَ
- Imperfect passive — يُتَّقَى
لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
that you may become righteous (2:21)
Illustrations of the اِفْتَعَلَ Verb Form in the Holy Quran
وَفَجَّرْنَا الْأَرْضَ عُيُونًا فَالْتَقَى الْمَاءُ عَلَىٰ أَمْرٍ قَدْ قُدِرَ
And caused the earth to burst with springs, and the waters met for a matter already predestined. (54:12)
وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِي أَنفُسُكُمْ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَدَّعُونَ
And you will have therein whatever your souls desire, and you will have therein whatever you request. (41:31)
وَلَحْمِ طَيْرٍ مِّمَّا يَشْتَهُونَ
And the meat of fowl, from whatever they desire. (56:21)
وَلَا تَسْتَوِي الْحَسَنَةُ وَلَا السَّيِّئَةُ
And not equal are the good deed and the bad. (41:34)
وَلَا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلَّا لِمَنِ ارْتَضَىٰ
They cannot intercede except on behalf of one whom He approves. (21:28)
وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ
And others who have acknowledged their sins. (9:102)
وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللّٰهِ جَمِيعًا وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا
And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. (3:103)
لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ
It will have what good it has gained, and it will bear what evil it has earned. (2:286)
اِفْعَلَّ — Triliteral Verb Form
The verb form اِفْعَلَّ is constructed by adding the prefix اِ and doubling the last radical of the root. It primarily expresses colors and defects in Arabic.
Structure of اِفْعَلَّ
- Past tense: اِفْعَلَّ
- Imperfect tense: يَفْعَلُّ
- Imperative: اِفْعَلِلْ
- Verbal noun: اِفْعِلَالٌ
- Active participle: مُفْعَلٌّ
This form is intransitive (فِعْلٌ لَازِمٌ) and therefore does not take a passive form.
Examples
- اِبْيَضَّ — to turn white
- اِسْوَدَّ — to turn black
- اِصْفَرَّ — to turn yellow
- اِخْضَرَّ — to turn green
فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ اسْوَدَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ
As for those whose faces turn black, [it will be said to them] (3:106)
وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ ابْيَضَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ
But as for those whose faces will turn white, (3:107)
وَابْيَضَّتْ عَيْنَاهُ مِنَ الْحُزْنِ
And his eyes became white from grief. (12:84)
اِسْتَفْعَلَ — Triliteral Verb Form
The verb form اِسْتَفْعَلَ is derived from فَعَلَ by adding the prefix اِسْتَ. It often conveys request, perception, or seeking an action.
Structure of اِسْتَفْعَلَ
- Past tense: اِسْتَفْعَلَ
- Imperfect tense: يَسْتَفْعِلُ
- Imperative: اِسْتَفْعِلْ
- Verbal noun: اِسْتِفْعَالٌ
- Active participle: مُسْتَفْعِلٌ
- Passive participle: مُسْتَفْعَلٌ
Main Usages
- Seeking: to request the action of the root verb.
- اِسْتَغْفَرَ — to seek forgiveness
- اِسْتَعْلَمَ — to inquire
- اِسْتَنْصَرَ — to seek help
- Perception: to regard something as having a quality.
- اِسْتَكْبَرَ — to consider oneself great
- اِسْتَحْسَنَ — to see as good
Examples in the Holy Quran
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
It is You we worship, and You we ask for help. (1:5)
إِنَّمَا يَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ يَسْمَعُونَ
Only those who hear will respond. (3:36)
اسْتَجِيبُوا لِرَبِّكُم مِّن قَبْلِ أَن يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَّا مَرَدَّ لَهُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ
Respond to your Lord before a Day comes from Allah which cannot be repelled. (42:47)
فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ
So let them respond to Me and believe in Me that they may be rightly guided. (2:186)
فَإِن لَّمْ يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَكَ
But if they do not respond to you. (28:50)
لَاسْتَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ
I could have acquired much wealth. (7:188)
وَاسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيَابَهُمْ وَأَصَرُّوا وَاسْتَكْبَرُوا اسْتِكْبَارًا
They covered themselves with their garments, persisted, and were arrogant with great arrogance. (71:7)
وَلَقَدْ رَاوَدتُّهُ عَن نَّفْسِهِ فَاسْتَعْصَمَ
And I certainly sought to seduce him, but he firmly refused. (12:32)
أَفَلَا يَتُوبُونَ إِلَى اللّٰهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَهُ
So will they not repent to Allah and seek His forgiveness? (5:74)
وَالْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ بِالْأَسْحَارِ
And those who seek forgiveness before dawn. (3:17)
إِفْعَالَّ — Triliteral Verb Form
The verb form إِفْعَالَّ is derived by adding the prefix إِ, inserting an ا (alif) between the second and third radicals, and doubling the last radical. It is used to express the intensity or depth of a color.
Structure of إِفْعَالَّ
- Past tense: إِفْعَالَّ
- Imperfect tense: يَفْعَالُّ
- Imperative: إِفْعَالِلْ
- Verbal noun: إِفْعِيلَالٌ
- Active participle: مُفْعَالٌّ
This verb pattern highlights a visual transformation or color intensification. Example: from the root د-ه-م (darkness), we get إِدْهَامَّ, meaning “to become intensely dark or deep green.”
Example from the Holy Quran
مُدْهَامَّتَانِ
Dark green [in color]. (55:64)
Conclusion
This lesson concludes the study of the derived triliteral verb forms in Arabic. In the next session, we will study the four-lettered verbs and their patterns.
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