Particles of conjunction - أَدَوَاتُ التَّصْرِيف | Arabic Free Course

Introduction

Conjunctions are grammatical elements used to link words within sentences.

1. Types of particles of conjunction

Here is a refined list of conjunctions:

1. وَ - "and." This is known as وَاو عَطَف, used to link one sentence to another or a name to another name.

2. وَ - "when." This is called وَاو الحَال and is placed between two sentences, with the second being a nominal sentence.

3. فَ - "then." It implies a close connection between the sentences before and after it.

4. أَوْ - "or." It is employed to express doubt or provide a choice among a few mentioned options.

5. أَمْ - "whether." Used to determine one choice among several when the first object is preceded by the hamza أ.

6. إِذْ - "when, " "since, " "after, " or "because." It is used with both nominal and verbal sentences and refers to something in the past.

7. إِذَا - "when" or "if." It typically indicates a time related to the present or future.

8. ثُمَّ - "after that, " "then, " or "thereupon." It often introduces sentences without a preceding و or ف.

9. حَتَّى - "until" or "even up to, " indicating the termination of an action or object.

10. لَكِنْ / لَكِنَّ - "but." لَكِنْ is followed by a verb, while لَكِنَّ is followed by a noun in the accusative case (e.g., لَكِنَّهُمْ).

11. إِمَّا - "either...or." When used twice in a sentence, it conveys the meaning of "either...or..."

12. أَمَّا - "as for." It is followed by a nominative, and the predicate is always introduced with a ف.

Examples of Conjunction Particles in the Holy Quran

فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ

there is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during Hajj. (2:197)

وَآتُوا النِّسَاءَ صَدُقَاتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً

And give the women [upon marriage] their [bridal] gifts graciously. (4:4)

فَتَلَقَّىٰ آدَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ

Then Adam received from his Lord [some] words, and He accepted his repentance. (2:37)

وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ

And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter. (2:196)

فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِّن رَّأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِّن صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ

And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head [making shaving necessary must offer] a ransom of fasting [three days] or charity or sacrifice. (2:196)

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُم مَّثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلِكُم

Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while such [trial] has not yet come to you as came to those who passed on before you? (2:214)

وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً

And [mention, O Muhammad], when your Lord said to the angels (2:30)

إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الْأَرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا

When the earth is shaken with its [final] earthquake (99:1)

وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَإِذَا كُنَّا تُرَابًا وَآبَاؤُنَا أَئِنَّا لَمُخْرَجُونَ

And those who disbelieve say, "When we have become dust as well as our forefathers, will we indeed be brought out [of the graves]? (27:67)

ثُمَّ كَلَّا سَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ

Then no! You are going to know. (102:4)

فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَـٰكِنَّ اللَّـهَ قَتَلَهُمْ ۚ وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ اللَّـهَ رَمَىٰ

And you did not kill them, but it was Allah who killed them. And you threw not, [O Muhammad], when you threw (8:17)

فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً

and either [confer] favor afterwards or ransom [them] (47:4)

أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ

As for the ship, it belonged to poor (18:79)

You have now completed this Arabic lesson. The next one will be insha’Allah about interjection in Arabic.

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Conclusion

This lesson on Arabic nuances concludes here. Insha’Allah, our subsequent session will delve into the past passive verb in Arabic.

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