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the Adjectives in the Arabic language - الصِّفَاتُ | Free Arabic Course

٣٠ ديسمبر ٢٠٢٥ – Institut Al-Dirassa

Livre d’arabe ouvert avec exemples d’adjectifs coraniques

Introduction

Adjectives are descriptors that highlight the attributes, color, or flaws of nouns. Typically, they stem from intransitive verbs that indicate a state or condition, rather than an action. Various established patterns can be used to form adjectives.

1. فَاعِلٌ - active participle

Examples:

  • صَالِحٌ - righteous/good
  • عَالِمٌ - knowledgeable
  • عَابِدٌ - worshipper

وَلَا أَنَا عَابِدٌ مَّا عَبَدتُّمْ

Nor will I be a worshipper of what you worship. (109:4)

2. Adjectives pattern: فَعِيلٌ

Examples:

  • كَرِمٌ - noble
  • عَظِيمٌ - great
  • رَحِيمٌ - merciful
  • قَدِيرٌ - powerful

وَاللَّـهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ

and Allah is Knowing and Wise. (9:15)

لَّهُمْ دَرَجَاتٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ

For them are degrees [of high position] with their Lord and forgiveness and noble provision. (8:4)

3. Adjectives pattern: فَعُولٌ

Examples:

  • ظَلُومٌ - great wrong-doer
  • غَفُورٌ - forgiver
  • رَءُوفٌ - compassionate

إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ

Indeed, humankind is [generally] most unjust and ungrateful. (14:34)

وَاللَّـهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. (2:218)

وَاللَّـهُ رَءُوفٌ بِالْعِبَادِ

and Allah is Kind to [His] servants." (3:30)

4. Adjective patterns: فَعْلانُ

Examples:

  • غَضْبَانُ - angry
  • رَحْمَانُ - most gracious

الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

The Entirely Merciful, theEspecially Merciful, (1:3)

فَرَجَعَ مُوسَىٰ إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ غَضْبَانَ أَسِفًا

So Moses returned to his people, angry and grieved (20:86)

5. Adjectives pattern: فَعَّالٌ

Examples:

  • جَبَّارٌ - strong/powerful

الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ الْمُتَكَبِّرُ

the Exalted in Might, the Compeller, the Superior (59:23)

The patterns for expressing colors and defects in Arabic are as follows:

  • Singular masculine: أَفْعَلُ
  • Singular feminine: فَعْلاءُ
  • Dual masculine: أَفْعَلانِ
  • Dual feminine: فَعْلَوَانِ
  • Plural masculine: فُعْلٌ
  • Plural feminine: فُعْلٌ

Examples:

وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ

And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. (2:187)

وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَىٰ جَنَاحِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ آيَةً أُخْرَىٰ

And draw in your hand to your side; it will come out white without disease - another sign, (20:22)

وَمِنَ الْجِبَالِ جُدَدٌ بِيضٌ وَحُمْرٌ مُّخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهَا وَغَرَابِيبُ سُودٌ

And in the mountains are tracts, white and red of varying shades and [some] extremely black. (35:27)

صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ

Deaf, dumb and blind - so they will not return [to the right path]. (2:18)

Conclusion

This lesson on Arabic nuances concludes here. Insha’Allah, our subsequent session will delve into the noun for pre-eminence in Arabic.

Al-dirassa Institute invites you on a linguistic journey with our expert teachers to master the Arabic language. Should you wish to further your studies, we welcome your inquiries.

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