Transitive & Intransitive Verb in Arabic - الْفِعْلُ المُتَعَدِّي و اللازِم
Introduction
In the Arabic language, verbs are categorized into two main types: intransitive verbs, known as “اَلْفِعْلُ اللَّازِمُ,” and transitive verbs, referred to as “اَلْفِعْلُ الْمُتَعَدَّى.” These distinctions play a crucial role in understanding the structure and usage of verbs in Arabic grammar.
1. Intransitive Verbs - اَلْفِعْلُ اللَّازِمُ
In the context of Arabic grammar, an intransitive verb is a type of verb that does not require a direct object to complete its meaning in a sentence. When you use an intransitive verb, the subject of the sentence, along with the verb itself, is sufficient to convey a complete and meaningful message. In other words, the action or state described by the verb is self-contained within the subject, and there is no external object involved. This characteristic is important to recognize when constructing sentences in Arabic, as it influences the structure and dynamics of the sentence.
Examples of Intransitive Verbs in the Holy Quran
In Arabic grammar, intransitive verbs don’t require a direct object to complete their meaning, making them important to understand in sentence structure.
- قَامَ – “He stood up.” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:183)
- جَلِسَ – “He sat.” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:197)
- نَزَلَ – “He descended.” (Surah Al-Mujadila, 58:7)
- حَدَثَ – “He spoke.” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:204)
- عَلِمَ – “He knew.” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:31)
These examples showcase the use of intransitive verbs in Quranic verses, where the verbs convey complete meanings without the need for direct objects.
For instance:
فَاتَّخَذْتُمُوهُمْ سِخْرِيًّا حَتَّىٰ أَنسَوْكُمْ ذِكْرِي وَكُنتُم مِّنْهُمْ تَضْحَكُونَ
But you took them in mockery to the point that they made you forget My remembrance, and you used to laugh at them. (23:110)
وَجَاءُوا أَبَاهُمْ عِشَاءً يَبْكُونَ
And they came to their father at night, weeping. (12:16)
2. Transitive verb - اَلْفِعْلُ الْمُتَعَدَّى
A transitive verb is a verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning in a sentence. In other words, it cannot stand alone and needs to be followed by a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. Transitive verbs often answer the question “what” or “whom.” Here are some key characteristics of transitive verbs:
Always Require an Object: Transitive verbs cannot function properly in a sentence without a direct object. Without an object, the sentence remains incomplete.
Examples: In sentences with transitive verbs, you will find a clear action performed by the subject onto an object. For instance, in the sentence “He ate the apple,” “ate” is the transitive verb, and “the apple” is the direct object.
Examples of Transitive Verbs in the Holy Quran
فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذْنِ اللَّـهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُودُ جَالُوتَ
So they defeated them by permission of Allah, and David killed Goliath (2:251)
ضَرَبَ اللَّـهُ مَثَلًا لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا امْرَأَتَ نُوحٍ وَامْرَأَتَ لُوطٍ
Allah presents an example of those who disbelieved: the wife of Noah and the wife of Lot. (66:10)
Conclusion
This lesson on Arabic nuances concludes here. Insha’Allah, our subsequent session will delve into the past passive verb in Arabic.
Al-dirassa Institute invites you on a linguistic journey with our expert teachers to master the Arabic language. Should you wish to further your studies, we welcome your inquiries.
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