Imperfect Passive Tense - الْمُضّارِعُ الْمَجْهُول
The imperfect passive tense is formed by giving dammah -ُ to the sign of the imperfect tense, and fatha -َ on the second radical.
1. Imperfect passive tense of the passive verb of consonants - الصَحِيْحُ
Example: يُفْعَلُ (Yufa’alu) = يُفْعَلُ (Yufa’alu)
Table passive verb of consonants يُرْفَعُ
3rd person masculine
Singular
يُرْفَعُ
He is being raised/will be raised
Dual
يُرْفَعَانِ
They both are being raised/will be raised
Plural
يُرْفَعُوْنَ
They all are being raised/will be raised.
3rd person feminine
Singular
تُرْفَعُ
She is being raised/will be raised
Dual
تُرْفَعَانِ
They both are being raised/will be raised
Plural
يُرْفَعْنَ
They all are being raised/will be raised.
2nd person masculine
Singular
تُرْفَعُ
You are being raised/will be raised
Dual
تُرْفَعا
You both are being raised/will be raised
Plural
تُرْفَعُوْنَ
You all are being raised/will be raised.
2nd person feminine
Singular
تُرْفَعِيْنَ
You are being raised/will be raised
Dual
تُرْفَعَانِ
You both are being raised/will be raised
Plural
تُرْفَعْنَ
You all are being raised/will be raised.
First-person (masculine/feminine)
Singular
أَرْفَعُ
I am being raised/will be raised
Dual
–
Plural
نُرْفَعُ
We are being raised/will be raised.
2. Imperfect passive tense - hamzated verbs - الْمَهْمُوْزُ
Table of يُؤْمَرُ
3rd person masculine
Singular
يُؤْمَرُ
He is being ordered/will be ordered
Dual
يُؤْمَرَانِ
They both are being ordered/will be ordered
Plural
يُؤْمَرُوْنَ
They all are being ordered/will be ordered.
3rd person feminine
Singular
تُؤْمَرُ
She is being ordered/will be ordered
Dual
تُؤْمَرَانِ
They both are being ordered/will be ordered
Plural
يُؤْمَرْنَ
They all are being ordered/will be ordered.
2nd person masculine
Singular
تُؤْمَرُ
You are being ordered/will be ordered
Dual
تُؤْمَرَانِ
You both are being ordered/will be ordered
Plural
تُؤْمَرُوْنَ
You all are being ordered/will be ordered.
2nd person feminine
Singular
تُؤْمَرِيْنَ
You are being ordered/will be ordered
Dual
تُؤْمَرَانِ
You both are being ordered/will be ordered
Plural
تُؤْمَرْنَ
You all are being ordered/will be ordered.
First-person (masculine/feminine)
Singular
أُؤْمَرُ
I am being ordered/will be ordered
Dual
–
Plural
نُؤْمَرُ
We are being ordered/will be ordered.
Table of يُسْأَلُ
3rd person masculine
Singular
يُسْأَلُ
He is being asked/will be asked
Dual
يُسْأَلانِ
They both are being asked/will be asked
Plural
يُسْأَلونَ
They all are being asked/will be asked
3rd person feminine
Singular
تُسْأَلُ
She is being asked/will be asked
Dual
تُسْأَلانِ
They both are being asked/will be asked
Plural
يُسْأَلْنَ
They all are being asked/will be asked
2nd person masculine
Singular
تُسْأَلُ
You are being asked/will be asked
Dual
تُسْأَلانِ
You both are being asked/will be asked
Plural
تُسْأَلُونَ
You all are being asked/will be asked
2nd person feminine
Singular
تُسْأَلِيْنَ
You are being asked/will be asked
Dual
تُسْأَلانِ
You both are being asked/will be asked
Plural
تُسْأَلْنَ
You all are being asked/will be asked
First-person (masculine/feminine)
Singular
أُسْأَلُ
I am being asked/will be asked
Dual
–
Plural
نُسْأَلُ
We are being asked/will be asked
Table of يُهْزَأُ
3rd person masculine
Singular
يُهْزَأُ
He is being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
Dual
يُهْزَئانِ
They both are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
Plural
يُهْزَأُوْنَ
They all are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
3rd person feminine
Singular
تُهْزَأُ
She is being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
Dual
تُهْزَئانِ
They both are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
Plural
يُهْزَئْنَ
They all are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
2nd person masculine
Singular
تُهْزَأُ
You are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
Dual
تُهْزَئانِ
You both are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
Plural
تُهْزَأُوْنَ
You all are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
2nd person feminine
Singular
تُهْزَئيْنَ
You are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
Dual
تُهْزَئانِ
You both are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
Plural
تُهْزَئْنَ
You all are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
First-person (masculine/feminine)
Singular
أُهْزَأُ
I am being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
Dual
–
Plural
نُهْزَأُ
We are being ridiculed/will be ridiculed
3. Imperfect passive tense - Weak verbs - الأفْعَالُ المُعْتَلَّة
A. The pattern of وَعَدَ - يَعِدُ = يُوْعَدُ
يُوْعَدُ follows the pattern of the passive imperfect tense يُفْعَلُ.
As mentioned earlier, verbs that begin with ى and are intransitive do not have a passive voice.
The pattern of قَالَ – يَقُوْلُ = يُقَالُ, where the و is changed to a long alif ا.
Table of يُقَالُ
3rd person masculine
Singular
يُقَالُ
He has told/will be told
Dual
يُقَالانِ
They both have been told/will be told
Plural
يُقَالُوْنَ
They all have been told/will be told
3rd person feminine
Singular
تُقَالُ
She has told/will be told
Dual
تُقَالانِ
They both have been told/will be told
Plural
يُقَالْنَ
They all have been told/will be told
2nd person masculine
Singular
تُقَالُ
You have told/will be told
Dual
تُقَالانِ
You both have been told/will be told
Plural
تُقَالُوْنَ
You all have been told/will be told
2nd person feminine
Singular
تُقَالِيْنَ
You have told/will be told
Dual
تُقَالانِ
You both have been told/will be told
Plural
تُقَالْنَ
You all have been told/will be told
First-person (masculine/feminine)
Singular
أُقَالُ
I have told/will be told
Dual
–
Plural
نُقَالُ
We have been told/will be told
In the third person and second person feminine plurals, the alif will be omitted.
B. The passive verb of دَعَا - يَدْعُوْا = يُدْعَى
The ى is transformed into a long alif ا, which is then omitted in the second and third-person feminine plurals.
Table of يُدْعَى
3rd person masculine
Singular
يُدْعَى
He is called/will be called
Dual
يُدْعَيَانِ
They both are called/will be called
Plural
يُدْعَوْنَ
They all are called/will be called
3rd person feminine
Singular
تُدْعَى
She is called/will be called
Dual
تُدْعَيَانِ
They both are called/will be called
Plural
يُدْعَوْنَ
They all are called/will be called
2nd person masculine
Singular
تُدْعَى
You are called/will be called
Dual
تُدْعَيَانِ
You both are called/will be called
Plural
تُدْعَوْنَ
You all are called/will be called
2nd person feminine
Singular
تُدْعِيْنَ
You are called/will be called
Dual
تُدْعَيَانِ
You both are called/will be called
Plural
تُدْعَوْنَ
You all are called/will be called
First-person (masculine/feminine)
Singular
أُدْعَى
I am called/will be called
Dual
–
Plural
نُدْعَى
We are called/will be called
- Passive verb of زَمَى – يَرْمَي = يُرْمَى
- Passive verb of لَقِيَ – يَلْقَى = يُلْقَى
4. Imperfect passive tense - doubly weak verb - اللَّفِيْفُ
Passive verb of وَقَى – يَقِي = يُوْقَى
5. Imperfect passive tense - Double lettered verbs - المُضاعَفُ
Passive verb of عَضَّ – يَعُضُّ = يُعَضُّ
Table of يُعَضُّ
3rd person masculine
Singular
يُعَضُّ
He is being raised/will be raised
Dual
يُعَضَّانِ
They both are being raised/will be raised
Plural
يُعَضُّوْنِ
They all are being raised/will be raised.
3rd person feminine
Singular
تُعَضُّ
She is being raised/will be raised
Dual
تُعَضَّانِ
They both are being raised/will be raised
Plural
يُعَضَضْنَ
They all are being raised/will be raised.
2nd person masculine
Singular
تُعَضُّ
You are being raised/will be raised
Dual
تُعَضَّانِ
You both are being raised/will be raised
Plural
تُعَضُّوْنِ
You all are being raised/will be raised.
2nd person feminine
Singular
تُعَضِّيْنَ
You are being raised/will be raised
Dual
تُعَضَّانِ
You both are being raised/will be raised
Plural
تُعَضَضْنَ
You all are being raised/will be raised.
First-person (masculine/feminine)
Singular
أُعَضُّ
I am being raised/will be raised
Dual
–
Plural
نُعَضُّ
We are being raised/will be raised.
The Usage of Imperfect Passive Tense in the Holy Quran
وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَخْزَىٰ ۖ وَهُمْ لَا يُنصَرُونَ
but the punishment of the Hereafter is more disgracing, and they will not be helped. (41:16)
أَلَّا تَخَافُوا وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا وَأَبْشِرُوا بِالْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي كُنتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ
Do not fear and do not grieve but receive good tidings of Paradise, which you were promised. (41:43)
يُجَادِلُونَكَ فِي الْحَقِّ بَعْدَ مَا تَبَيَّنَ كَأَنَّمَا يُسَاقُونَ إِلَى الْمَوْتِ وَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ
Arguing with you concerning the truth after it had become clear as if they were being driven toward death while they were looking on. (8:6)
وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّـهِ ۖ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ
And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah. Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned, and they will not be treated unjustly. (2:281)
هَـٰذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ ۖ فَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا قُطِّعَتْ لَهُمْ ثِيَابٌ مِّن نَّارٍ يُصَبُّ مِن فَوْقِ رُءُوسِهِمُ الْحَمِيمُ
These are two adversaries who have disputed over their Lord. But those who disbelieved will have cut out for them garments of fire. Poured upon their heads will be scalding water (22:19)
Conclusion
This lesson on Arabic nuances concludes here. Insha’Allah, our subsequent session will delve into the double emphasis in Arabic.
Al-dirassa Institute invites you on a linguistic journey with our expert teachers to master the Arabic language. Should you wish to further your studies, we welcome your inquiries.
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