10. [‘aqueeda]   ﻋَﻘِﻴدَة

Dogma, article of faith, doctrine, belief.

Plural: عَقَائِدْ [‘aquâ’id]

11. [astagh’firu Lah]   أَسْتَغْفِرُ الله

“May Allah forgive me”.

12. [a’udhu billah]   أَعُوذُ بِالله

“I seek the protection of Allah! “

13. [atta’a]   اَلطَّاعَة

Obedience to bring well-being.

14. [aya]   آية

Sign, miracle, then by extension verse of the Quran.

Plural: آيَاتْ [ayat]

15. [baraka]   بَرَكَة

Divine blessing.

16. [barzakh]   بَرْزَخْ

Interval ; separation; (geogr.) isthmus. Passage of the deceased from the mortal world to the beyond.

17. [baseera]   بَصِيرَة

Discernment; insight.

18. [bid’a]   بِدْعَة

Heresy: innovation; new idea considered a heresy.

19. [sha’ban]   شَعْبَانْ

Name of the eighth month of the Muslim calendar.

20. [shaf’]   شَفْعْ

Even: supererogatory prayer with an even number of prostrations celebrated after the canonical prayer of اَلْعِشَاءْ [al-icha] and this prayer is followed by the prayer of اَلْوِتْرْ [al-witr].

21. [shahada]   شَهَادَة

The profession of Faith: Testimony: One of the Five Pillars of Islam.

22. [shawwal]   شَوَّالْ

Name of the tenth month of the Muslim calendar marked by Eid al-Fitr on that month’s first day.

23. [shirqu’]   شِرْكْ

Association, polytheism. Shirk is granting to someone other than Allah what is due to Allah. For example: believing in a seer is considered to be shirk. Shirk is the greatest sin in Islam.

24. [shourâ]   شُورَى

Consultation, joint decision-making.

25. [qur’an]   قُرْآنْ

Reading; recitation.

26. [da’iya]   دَاعِيَة

Preacher of Islam.

27. [dajjal]   دَجَّالْ

Antichrist, liar; one who sows discord.

28. [dhabîha]   ذَبِيحَة

Sacrifice, offering: the animal intended to be slaughtered, by metonymy, ritual slaughter.

29. [dalal]   ضَلَالْ

Misguidance.

30. [da’wa]   دَعْوة

Invitation to faith: vocation; the profession of faith; invitation to faith led by دَاعِيَة [da’iya].

31. [dhikr]   ذِكْرْ

Invocation; repetition of ALLAH’s name

32. [du’a’]   دُعَاءْ

Prayer: personal prayer, supplication, call. Personal prayer in opposition to صَلَاةْ [salat] the canonical prayer.

33. [fardh]   فَرْضْ

Mandatory, depending on religion

Plural: فُرُوضْ [furudh]

34. [fatwa]   فَتْوَى

A legal opinion which supplements the fiqh, which is the jurisprudence.

35. [fiq’h]   فِقْهْ

Jurisprudence.

36. [fitna]   فِتْنَة

Seduction (female), riot, dissension. In religious matters, it also means rupture, schism.

37. [furquan]   فُرْقَانْ

Discernment, proof, the separation between good and evil.

38. [ghafara]   غَفَرَ

Forgive.

39. [hadîth]   حَدِيثْ

Word or act of the Prophet Mohammad considered as an example to be followed by practitioners.

Plural: أَحَادِيثْ [ahâdîth]

40. [haj]   حَجْ

Pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam.

41. [halal]   حَلَالْ

Permit; not sacred; profane, lawful as opposed to prohibited (haram).

42. [haneef]   حَنِيفْ

Pure Islamic monotheism, orthodoxy.

43. [haram]   حَرَامْ

What is sacred; what is forbidden by religion, taboo in opposition obverse allowed حَلَالْ [halal].

44. [hidaya]   هِدَايَة

Conduct, moral direction.

45. [ihram]   إِحْرَامْ

State of ritual consecration; the white garment of one who performs the great or the small pilgrimage in this state.

46. [ihsan]   إِحْسَانْ

Charity: the perfect worship of Allah.

47. [i’jaz]   إِعْجَازْ

The inimitable character of the Quran.

48. [ijma’]   إِجْمَاعْ

Consensus des oulémas ou de l’ Oumma entière sur des questions morales, religieuses ou juridiques, suppléant la Sunna.

49. [ijtihad]   إِجْتِهَادْ

Exegesis: an effort to interpret the Qur’an and hadiths.

50. [imam]   إِمَامْ

Imam: a person who leads prayer, the spiritual guide of the community.

Literally: “the one who is in front”. To be compared with the Arabic word أَمَامَ [amama], which means: in front of or in front of.

51. [‘isma]   عِصْمَة

Infallibility; invulnerability; immunity; impeccability.

52. [isnad]   إِسْنَادْ

Chain of Guarantors: the chain of people reporting a hadith.

53. [isra’]   إِسْرَاءْ

The night journey of Prophet Muhammad.

54. [jahiliyya]   جَاهِلِيَّة

The pre-Islamic period: ignorance, paganism refers to the pre-Islamic period.

55. [khatib]   خَطِيبْ

Preacher: the one who gives the Friday sermon خُطْبَة [khutba]

56. [khitan’]   خِتَانْ

Circumcision.

57.  [lagh’w]   لَغْوْ

Futility: pointless, futile conversation.

58. [laylatu l’quadr]   لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرْ

“The night of destiny”: a night towards the end of the month of Ramadan during which the Prophet Muhammad PBUH received the first revelation.

59. [ma’ad]   مَعَادْ

Destination: the beyond as the final destination.

60. [madh’hab]   مَذْهَبْ

School of Legal Thought. It also designates the system of thought which resulted from it, even religion and faith.

61. [mahram]   مَحْرَمْ

A person from the same family who cannot be married.

NB: we can compare this Arabic word of مَحْرَمْ [mahram] with the Arabic word مُحَرَّمْ [muharram], which means: forbidden or prohibited.

62. [makruh]   مَكْرُوهْ

Despicable: describes acts condemned but not repressed.

 63. [mandub]   مَنْدُوبْ

Recommended, recommendable.

64. [rasul]   رَسُولْ

Messenger, prophet, sent: The Prophet اَلنَّبِيْ [annabiy] launches warnings to a given population, the Messenger اَلرَّسُولْ [arrasul], him, brings a major revelation.

65. [mihrab]   مِحْرَابْ

Niche facing Mecca in a mosque.

66. [mi’dhana]   مِئْذَنَة

Minaret: the Arabic word designates the place from where the مُؤَذِّنْ [mu’adh-dhin] calls to prayer آذَانْ [adhan]. The English word derives from the Turkish minare coming from the Arabic word مَنَارَة [manara], meaning “tower”.

67. [mi’raj]   مِعْرَاجْ

Ascension (littéralement : « échelle ») du Prophète Mohammed aux cieux lors du « voyage nocturne »  إِسْرَاءْ [isrâ’].

68. [minbar]   مِنْبَرْ

The pulpit of the preacher.

69. [minhaj]   مِنْهَجْ

Method, methodology; course of action.

70. [masjid]   مَسْجِدْ

Mosque, place of assembly; great mosque.

The English word mosque derives from مَسْجِدْ [masjid]: the place where one prostrates himself.

71. [mubah]   مُبَاحْ

Allowed qualifies what is neither prohibited nor recommended.

72. [muadhdhin]   مُؤَذِّنْ

This word designates the person in the mosque responsible for the call to prayer آذَانْ [adhan].