We’ve observed that الْمَفْعُلُ بِهِ, or the simple object, carries the action of the verb. However, the passive participle, اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ, conforms to the مَفْعُولٌ pattern.
Examples:
فَعَلَ – مَفْعُولٌ
Done
فَتَحَ – مَفْتُوْحٌ
Opened
خَلَقَ – مَخْلُوْقٌ
Created
جَمَعَ – مَجْمُوْعٌ
Gathered
عَلِمَ – مَعْلُوْمٌ
Known
Singular
مَفْعُولٌ
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَانِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولُوْنَ
(all) done
Singular
مَفْعُولا
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَيْنِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولِيْنَ
(all) done
Singular
مَفْعُولٍ
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَيْنِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولِيْنَ
(all) done
Singular
مَفْعُولَةٌ
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَتَانِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولاتٌ
(all) done
Singular
مَفْعُولَةً
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولاتٍ
(all) done
Singular
مَفْعُولَةٍ
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولاتٍ
(all) done
وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدُ اللَّـهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ ۚ غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلُعِنُوا بِمَا قَالُوا ۘ بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ يُنفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ
And the Jews say, “The hand of Allah is chained.” Chained are their hands, and cursed are they for what they say. Rather, both His hands are extended; He spends however He wills. (5:64)
وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ
And [by] the promised Day (85:2)
وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ
And [by] the witness and what is witnessed, (85:3)
The passive participle for hamzated verbs, following patterns like أَكَلَ, سَأَلَ, and قَرَأَ, as well as assimilated verbs resembling وَعَدَ and يَسِرَ, aligns with the مَفْعُوْلٌ pattern.
Examples:
أَكَلَ – مَأْكُوْلٌ
Eaten
سَأَلَ – مَسْؤُوْلٌ
Asked
قَرَأَ – مَقْرُوءٌ
Read
وَعَدَ – مَوْعُوْدٌ
Promised
يَسِرَ – مَيْسُوْرٌ
Feasible
When the verb’s second radical is the weak letter و, such as in قَالَ, its passive participle takes the form مَقُوْلٌ.
Singular
مَقُوْلٌ
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلانِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلُوْنَ
(all) said
Singular
مَقُوْلًا
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَيْنِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَيْنِ
(all) said
Singular
مَقُوْلٍ
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَيْنِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَيْنِ
(all) said
Singular
مَقُوْلَةٌ
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَتَانِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَاتٌ
(all) said
Singular
مَقُوْلَةً
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَتَيْنِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَاتٍ
(all) said
Singular
مَقُوْلَةٍ
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَتَيْنِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَاتٍ
(all) said
When the verb’s second radical is the weak letter ى, as seen in بَاعَ, the passive participle adopts the مَبِيْعٌ form.
Singular
مَبِيْعٌ
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَانِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعُوْنَ
(all) sold
Singular
مَبِيْعًا
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَيْنِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعِيْنَ
(all) sold
Singular
مَبِيْعٍ
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَيْنِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعِيْنَ
(all) sold
Singular
مَبِيْعَةٌ
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَتَانِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعَاتٌ
(all) sold
Singular
مَبِيْعَةً
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَتَيْنِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعَاتٍ
(all) sold
Singular
مَبِيْعَةٍ
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَتَيْنِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعَاتٍ
(all) sold
When the verb’s third radical is the weak letter و or ى, the passive participle (اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ) adopts this form:
Examples:
دَعَا – مَدْعُوْوٌّ
Called
رَمَى – مَرْمِيٌّ
Thrown
لَقِيَ – مَلْقِيٌّ
Met
Verbs with doubled letters also adopt the passive participle form of مَفْعُوْلٌ.
Example:
ظَنَّ – مَظْنُونٌ
Suspected
يَوْمَ يَكُونُ النَّاسُ كَالْفَرَاشِ الْمَبْثُوثِ
It is the Day when people will be like moths, dispersed, (101:4)
وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَىٰ أَن يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَّحْمُودًا
And from [part of] the night, pray with it as additional [worship] for you; it is expected that your Lord will resurrect you to a praised station. (17:79)
فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَّأْكُولٍ
And He made them like eaten straw.(105:5)
ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّجْمُوعٌ لَّهُ النَّاسُ وَذَٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّشْهُودٌ
That is a Day for which the people will be collected, and that is a Day [which will be] witnessed (11:103)
This lesson on Arabic nuances concludes here. Insha’Allah, our subsequent session will delve into the verbal noun in Arabic.
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