Demonstrative Pronouns in Arabic
اِسْمُ الْإِشارَةِ

تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ 

Those messengers (2:253)

 ذَٰلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ ۛ فِيهِ ۛ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ

This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah (2:2)

In the aforementioned examples, ذَٰلِكَ and تِلْكَ, though typically denoting distance, can also refer to nearby objects to stress their significance or magnitude.

فَذَانِكَ بُرْهَانَانِ مِن رَّبِّكَ

for those are two proofs from your Lord (28:32)

 أُولَـٰئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدًى مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ ۖ وَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

Those are upon [right] guidance from their Lord, and it is those who are successful. (2:5)

  ذَٰلِكُمَا مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي رَبِّي

 That is from what my Lord has taught me (12:37)

ذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّـهُ رَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ ۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ

That is Allah, your Lord, so worship Him. Then will you not remember? (10:3)

Note: In the two preceding examples, both ذَٰلِكُمَا and ذَٰلِكُمْ appear. While they may look like dual and plural forms, they are singular in nature; it’s the associated pronouns that are dual and plural.

The terms هَاهُنَا (meaning “here”) and هُنَالِكَ (meaning “there” and “then”) function as demonstrative pronouns denoting both place and time. For instance:

فَاذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ

so go, you and your Lord, and fight. Indeed, we are remaining right here. (5:24)