Five magnified nouns - الْأَسْمَاءُ الخَمْسَةُ المُكَبَّرَةُ
Introduction
In Arabic, there exists a category of nouns distinguished by specific letters that indicate their grammatical states—nominative, accusative, and genitive. These nouns are referred to as “الْأَسْمَاءُ الخَمْسَةُ المُكَبَّرَةُ” or the five magnified nouns.
- For the nominative (المرفوع) state, the indicative letter is و.
- For the accusative (المَنصوب) state, the indicative letter is ا.
- For the genitive (المَجْرُور) state, the indicative letter is ى.
The five nouns that demonstrate these distinct states are:
The magnified noun أَبٌ - father
- nominative: أَبُوْ
- accusative: أَبَا
- genitive: أَبِي
The magnified noun أَخٌ - brother
- nominative: أَخُوْ
- accusative: أَخَا
- genitive: أَخِي
The magnified noun حَمٌ - father in law
- nominative: حَمُوْ
- accusative: حَمَا
- genitive: حَمِيْ
The magnified noun فَمٌ - mouth
- nominative: فَوْ
- accusative: فَا
- genitive: فِيْ
The magnified noun ذَوُ - endowed with / owner of
The Arabic pronoun “ذو” and its derivatives imply possession or an attribute. The usage and forms vary depending on gender, number, and grammatical case. Notably, the form “حَمٌ” isn’t found in the Holy Quran. However, other forms of “ذُوْ” are significant, especially in the context of duals and plurals, for both masculine and feminine.
Forms of “ذُوْ” by Number and Case:
- Nominative:
- Singular: ذُوْ
- Dual: ذَوَا
- Plural: أُولُوْا
- Accusative:
- Singular: ذَا
- Dual: ذَوَى
- Plural: أُوْلِي
- Genitive:
- Singular: ذِيْ
- Dual: ذَوَى
- Plural: أُوْلِي
Forms of “ذَاتَ” by Number and Case:
- Nominative:
- Singular: ذَاتُ
- Dual: ذَوَاتَا
- Plural: أُولاتُ
- Accusative:
- Singular: ذَاتّ
- Dual: ذَوَاتَى
- Plural: أُولاتِ
- Genitive:
- Singular: ذَاتِ
- Dual: ذَوَاتِي
- Plural: أولاتِ
In essence, “ذَوٌ” often translates to being the “owner of” or “endowed with.” However, its precise meaning can vary depending on context.
Examples:
وَنُقَلِّبُهُمْ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ وَذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ
And We turned them to the right and to the left (18:18)
وَإِن كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَىٰ مَيْسَرَةٍ
And if someone is in hardship, then [let there be] postponement until [a time of] ease. (2:280)
Usage of the Magnified Nouns - الأسْمَاءُ المُكَبَّرَةُ in the Holy Quran: Examples and Insights
وَأَبُونَا شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ
and our father is an old man.” (28:23)
وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ
and the parents [alone] inherit from him (4:11)
وَرَفَعَ أَبَوَيْهِ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ
And he raised his parents upon the throne (12:100)
وَجَاءُوا أَبَاهُمْ عِشَاءً يَبْكُونَ
And they came to their father at night, weeping. (12:16)
تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ
May the hands of Abu Lahab be ruined, and ruined, is he. (111:1)
وَاذْكُرْ أَخَا عَادٍ
And mention, [O Muhammad], the brother of ‘Aad (46:21)
لِيُرِيَهُ كَيْفَ يُوَارِي سَوْءَةَ أَخِيهِ
to show him how to hide the disgrace of his brother (5:31)
إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ نُوحٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
When their brother Noah said to them, “Will you not fear Allah? (26:106)
كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ وَمَا هُوَ بِبَالِغِهِ
except as one who stretches his hands toward water [from afar, calling it] to reach his mouth, but it will not reach it [thus]. (13:14)
وَاللَّـهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ
and Allah is the possessor of great bounty. (2:105)
يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ
as judged by two just men among you (5:95)
ذَوَاتَا أَفْنَانٍ
Having [spreading] branches. (55:48)
وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ
and to parents do good and to relatives, (2:83)
وَحَمَلْنَاهُ عَلَىٰ ذَاتِ أَلْوَاحٍ وَدُسُرٍ
And We carried him on a [construction of] planks and nails (54:13)
وَإِن كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ
And if they should be pregnant (65:6)
وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَن يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنّ
And for those who are pregnant, their term is until they give birth. (65:4)
تَبَارَكَ اسْمُ رَبِّكَ ذِي الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ
Blessed is the name of your Lord, Owner of Majesty and Honor. (55:78)
Conclusion
You have successfully completed this Arabic lesson, marking the completion of our entire Arabic language course.
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